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Pena (musical instrument)
The Pena, also known as ''Bana'', ''Bena'' or ''Tingtelia'', is a mono string instrument falling in the lute category, similar to some of the traditional Indian stringed musical instruments such as Ravanahatha, ''Ubo'' or the ''Kenda'', found in various parts of the country. It is the traditional music instrument of the Meitei community〔 of Manipur, India and some parts of Bangladesh and is played either solo or in group, in folk music or as the accompanying musical instrument for Lai Haraoba festivals.〔 Pena playing is becoming a dying art as only 145 active Pena players are reported in Manipur.〔〔 The Center for Research on Traditional and Indigenous Art (Laihui), an organization headed by renowned Pena player, Khangembam Mangi Singh, has mandated vision to revive Pena music.〔
== History of the whistle ==
The Pena, the oldest Meitei musical instrument, was once considered as a part of luxurious living and was played at the royal gatherings.〔 However, the instrument slowly got associated with the folk culture of Manipur and Bangladesh where it became a regular presence at the festivals. Manipuri festival of Lai Haraoba fostered the use of the instrument considerably. Later, it also made its presence in the folk theatre.〔
It is generally believed that the name of the instrument is a derivation of the sanksrit term, Vina, evolved from the Bengali version of ''Bina''. The other names, ''Bena'' or ''Bana'' are also considered to be evolved from the parent term of ''Vina''.〔 The musical instrument, Pinaki vina, mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts is similar to this instrument. The Nagas call the instrument, ''Tingtelia''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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